The in situ flux array provides globally distributed measurements and metrics for satellite algorithm development, product validation, and for improving satellite-based, NWP and blended flux products. These improved moisture and temperature profiles and surface data, if assimilated into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, would lead to better representation of cloud formation processes, improving state variables and surface radiative and turbulent fluxes from these models. This array would be globally distributed, with 1–3 measurement platforms in each nominal 10° by 10° box. The array would include 500–1000 measurement platforms, including autonomous surface vehicles, moored and drifting buoys, RVs, the existing OceanSITES network of 22 flux sites, and new OceanSITES expanded in 19 key regions.
#Miami heat cs condition zero walkthrough series#
In order to tune and validate these satellite measurements, a complementary global in situ flux array, built around an expanded OceanSITES network of time series reference station moorings, is also needed. To meet these targets globally, in the next decade, satellite-based observations must be optimized for boundary layer measurements of air temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature, and ocean wind stress. At present this accuracy target is met only for OceanSITES reference station moorings and research vessels (RVs) that follow best practices. This paper describes an observational strategy for producing 3-hourly, 25-km (and an aspirational goal of hourly at 10-km) heat flux and wind stress fields over the global, ice-free ocean with breakthrough 1-day random uncertainty of 15 W m –2 and a bias of less than 5 W m –2.
Turbulent and radiative exchanges of heat between the ocean and atmosphere (hereafter heat fluxes), ocean surface wind stress, and state variables used to estimate them, are Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) influencing weather and climate. 20Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.19College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.18Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.17Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.16Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.15University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.14Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.13Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Cape Town, South Africa.12NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States.11National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom.10P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia.9Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.8Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, United States.7Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.6Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.5Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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